{"id":332,"date":"2007-05-01T23:30:15","date_gmt":"2007-05-01T15:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/130.211.243.36\/523b3.cn\/?p=85"},"modified":"2007-05-01T23:30:15","modified_gmt":"2007-05-01T15:30:15","slug":"microsoft-windows-%e7%9a%84-tcpip-%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e7%ac%ac-3-%e7%ab%a0-ip-%e7%bc%96%e5%9d%80zz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.523b3.com\/?p=332","title":{"rendered":"Microsoft Windows \u7684 TCP\/IP \u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6.\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0 \u2013 IP \u7f16\u5740(zz)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6458\u8981 \u672c\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86 IPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u7684\u7f16\u5740\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u900f\u5f7b\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd IP \u7f16\u5740\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\/Internet \u534f\u8bae (TCP\/IP) \u7f51\u7edc\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e TCP\/IP \u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8fdb\u884c\u7591\u96be\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86 Internet \u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c 4 (IPv4) \u548c Internet \u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c 6 (IPv6) \u5730\u5740\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002 \u672c\u9875\u5185\u5bb9 \u672c\u7ae0\u76ee\u6807
\n IPv4 \u7f16\u5740
\n IPv6 \u7f16\u5740
\n \u6bd4\u8f83 IPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u7f16\u5740
\n \u672c\u7ae0\u5c0f\u7ed3
\n \u672c\u7ae0\u672f\u8bed\u8868
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u76ee\u6807 \u8bfb\u5b8c\u672c\u7ae0\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\uff1a \u2022 \u63cf\u8ff0 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u548c\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1b\u5728\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u548c\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5217\u51fa IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c31\u6bcf\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002
\n\u2022 \u63cf\u8ff0\u516c\u7528\u7684\u3001\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u548c\u975e\u6cd5\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002
\n\u2022 \u63cf\u8ff0 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u548c\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1b\u5728\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u548c\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5217\u51fa IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c31\u6bcf\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002
\n\u2022 \u63cf\u8ff0\u5168\u5c40\u3001\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u548c\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5355\u64ad IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5c06\u7535\u6c14\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a (IEEE) 802 \u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 IPv6 \u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002
\n\u2022 \u6bd4\u8f83 IPv4 \u4e0e IPv6 \u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7f16\u5740\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u3002
\n \u8fd4\u56de\u9875\u9996 IPv4 \u7f16\u5740 IP \u5730\u5740\u662f\u5728 Internet \u5c42\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u4e00\u7ec4\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002\u5404\u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740\u5747\u53ef\u6807\u8bc6 IP \u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5bf9 IPv4 \u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9 \u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff1b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u542f\u7528 TCP\/IP\u3002\u5f53\u60a8\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u542f\u7528 TCP\/IP \u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u6216\u624b\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5b83\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u3002IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u5728 Internet \u5c42\u5206\u914d\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5730\u5740\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 32 \u4f4d\u3002 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u8bed\u6cd5 \u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u6570\u5b57 1 \u548c 0 \u6784\u6210\u7684 32 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8868\u793a\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u975e \u5e38\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u534a\u89d2\u53e5\u53f7\uff08\u5706\u70b9\uff09\u6765\u5206\u9694\u56db\u4e2a\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff08\u4ece 0 \u81f3 255\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u53eb\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868 32 \u4f4d\u5730 \u5740\u4e2d\u7684 8 \u4f4d\uff081 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cIPv4 \u5730\u5740 11000000101010000000001100011000 \u7684\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f 192.168.3.24\u3002\u8981\u5c06 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u4ece\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a \u2022 \u5c06\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5730\u5740\u5206\u5272\u6210 8 \u4f4d\u7684\u5757\uff1a11000000 10101000 00000011 00011000
\n\u2022 \u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5757\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\uff1a192 168 3 24
\n\u2022 \u4ee5\u534a\u89d2\u53e5\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u5404\u4e2a\u5757\uff1a192.168.3.24
\n\u5f15\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528 w.x.y.z \u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u56fe 3-1 \u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u56fe 3-1 \u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00 \u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0cIPv4 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u8868\u793a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff1b\u5728\u8be5\u8303\u56f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5e8f\u4f4d\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u5269 \u4e0b\u7684\u4f4e\u5e8f\u53ef\u53d8\u4f4d\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u6240\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u548c\u8def\u7531\u3002 \u8981\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u6807\u8bc6\u51fa\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u9ad8\u5e8f\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u503c\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u8868\u793a\u4e3a StartingAddress\/PrefixLength\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a \u2022 StartingAddress \u662f\u8be5\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8981\u6784\u9020\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u503c\uff0c\u5c06\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\u3002
\n\u2022 PrefixLength \u662f\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u9ad8\u5e8f\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cIPv4 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00 131.107.0.0\/16 \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b 65,536 \u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 16\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u5b9a\u6b64\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5f00\u5934 16 \u4f4d\u90fd\u4e0e\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5f00\u5934 16 \u4f4d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u7684\u524d 16 \u4f4d\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a 10000011 01101011\uff08\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a 131 107\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64 \u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\u90fd\u662f 131\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\u90fd\u662f 107\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\u6709 16 \u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u4f4d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u603b\u5171\u6709 216\uff08\u5373 65,536\uff09\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002 \u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u7684 \u540e\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u659c\u6760\u548c\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff08\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\u3002 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00 131.107.0.0\/16 \u6709 16 \u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d (10000011 01101011)\u3002\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u524d 16 \u4f4d\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0 \u7684\u540e 16 \u4f4d\uff0c\u5373 10000011 01101011 00000000 00000000 \u6216 131.107.0.0\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u5f53\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u659c\u6760\u548c\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d \u7684\u6570\u76ee (\/16) \u6765\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u8868\u793a\u4e3a 131.107.0.0\/16\u3002 \u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u53c8\u53eb\u505a\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531 (CIDR) \u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f \u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 32 \u4f4d\u6570\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u53d8\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06 \u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c06 16 \u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u5c06 16 \u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5219\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 \u6216 255.255.0.0\u3002\u6b64\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e3a 131.107.0.0, 255.255.0.0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53c8\u53eb\u505a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a9\u7801\u6216\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u8868 3-1 \u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u60a8\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a 8 \u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u9ad8\u5e8f\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u3002 \u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u76ee \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236 \u5341\u8fdb\u5236
\n0 00000000 0
\n1 10000000 128
\n2 11000000 192
\n3 11100000 224
\n4 11110000 240
\n5 11111000 248
\n6 11111100 252
\n7 11111110 254
\n8 11111111 255
\n\u8868 3-1 \u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u503c \u5728 Windows \u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u65f6\uff0c\u8f83\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u5f88\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0 \u4e9b Windows \u914d\u7f6e\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6846\u8981\u6c42\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14 IPv6 \u53ea\u652f\u6301\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u7c7b\u578b Internet \u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a \u2022 \u5355\u64ad \u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7279\u5b9a\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u201d\u901a\u4fe1\u3002
\n\u2022 \u591a\u64ad \u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u201d\u901a\u4fe1\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5e7f\u64ad \u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u201d\u901a\u4fe1\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u8282\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002 IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740 IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u6807\u8bc6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7528\u8857\u9053\u5730\u5740\u6807\u8bc6\u57ce\u5e02\u8857\u533a\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u8857\u9053\u5730\u5740\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u4e00\u6837\uff0cIPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e5f \u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002 \u6bcf\u4e2a IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc ID \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a ID\u3002 \u2022 \u7f51\u7edc ID\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff09\u662f IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u7406\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u7f51\u6bb5\uff08\u5176\u8fb9\u754c\u7531 IPv4 \u8def\u7531\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002TCP\/IP \u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u7f51\u6bb5\u53c8\u53eb\u505a\u5b50\u7f51\u6216\u94fe\u8def\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u7406\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc ID\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc ID \u5728\u6574\u4e2a TCP\/IP \u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002
\n\u2022 \u4e3b\u673a ID\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\uff09\u662f IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4e3b\u673a ID \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u5185\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002
\n\u56fe 3-3 \u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5355\u64ad IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u56fe 3-3 \u793a\u4f8b\u5355\u64ad IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe \u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7edc ID \u5728 TCP\/IP \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3b\u673a ID \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u6574\u4e2a IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5728\u6574\u4e2a TCP\/IP \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u552f\u4e00 \u7684\u3002 Internet \u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b Internet \u56e2\u4f53\u6700\u521d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u7ed9\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u914d\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc ID \u548c\u4e3b\u673a ID \u7684\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6570 \u91cf\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u4e94\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\uff0cA \u7c7b\u3001B \u7c7b\u548c C \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e3a IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u3002D \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e3a IPv4 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff0c\u800c E \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e3a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6027\u7528\u9014\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u3002 A \u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc ID \u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002A \u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc ID \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u53ea\u6709 8 \u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u7684 24 \u4f4d\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u591a\u8fbe 16,777,214 \u4e2a\u4e3b \u673a ID\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u5c06\u628a\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7 A \u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc ID \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u4e3a 126 \u4e2a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0cA \u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc ID \u7684\u9ad8\u5e8f\u4f4d\u603b\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u6b64\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5c06 A \u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc ID \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4ece 256 \u4e2a\u51cf\u5c11\u5230 128 \u4e2a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u9996\u516b\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 00000000 \u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u7f51\u7edc ID\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u9996\u516b\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 01111111\uff08\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684 127\uff09\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e3a\u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u3002\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5c06 A \u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc ID \u7684\u6570 \u91cf\u4ece 128 \u4e2a\u51cf\u5c11\u5230 126 \u4e2a\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a IPv4 \u7f51\u7edc ID \u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u5168\u90e8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\uff08\u5168 0 \u4e3b\u673a ID\uff09\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u5168\u90e8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\uff08\u5168 1 \u4e3b\u673a ID\uff09\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a ID \u662f\u4fdd\u7559 \u7684\u4e3b\u673a ID\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u6b64\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a A \u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a ID \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4ece 16,777,216 (224) \u4e2a\u51cf\u5c11\u5230 16,777,214 \u4e2a\u3002 \u56fe 3-4 \u8bf4\u660e\u4e86 A \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u56fe 3-4 A \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe B \u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc ID \u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e2d\u578b\u548c\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d 16 \u4f4d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u540e 16 \u4f4d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0cB \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5e8f\u4f4d\u603b \u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 10\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709 B \u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u5747\u4e3a 128.0.0.0\/2\uff08\u6216 128.0.0.0, 192.0.0.0\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528 14 \u4f4d\u8868\u793a B \u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc ID\uff0c\u7528 16 \u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a ID\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 B \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u7ed9 16,384 \u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709 65,534 \u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u3002 \u56fe 3-5 \u8bf4\u660e\u4e86 B \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u56fe 3-5 B \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe C \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d 24 \u4f4d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u540e 8 \u4f4d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0cC \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5e8f\u4f4d\u603b\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 110\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709 C \u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u5747\u4e3a 192.0.0.0\/3\uff08\u6216 192.0.0.0, 224.0.0.0\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528 21 \u4f4d\u8868\u793a C \u7c7b \u7f51\u7edc ID\uff0c\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a ID\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 C \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u7ed9 2,097,152 \u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709 254 \u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u3002 \u56fe 3-6 \u8bf4\u660e\u4e86 C \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u56fe 3-6 C \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe D \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e3a IPv4 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u3002D \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5e8f\u4f4d\u603b\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1110\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709 D \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u5747\u4e3a 224.0.0.0\/4\uff08\u6216 224.0.0.0, 240.0.0.0\uff09\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u201cIPv4 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u201d\u3002 E \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e3a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6027\u7528\u9014\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u3002E \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u9ad8\u5e8f\u4f4d\u603b\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1111\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709 E \u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u5747\u4e3a 240.0.0.0\/4\uff08\u6216 240.0.0.0, 240.0.0.0\uff09\u3002 \u8868 3-2 \u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684 Internet \u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b A\u3001B \u548c C\u3002 \u7c7b\u522b w \u7684\u503c \u7f51\u7edc ID \u90e8\u5206 \u4e3b\u673a ID \u90e8\u5206 \u7f51\u7edc ID \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e3b\u673a ID
\nA 1-126 w x.y.z 126 16,277,214
\nB 127-191 w.x y.z 16,384 65,534
\nC 192-223 w.x.y z 2,097,152 254
\n\u8868 3-2 Internet \u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b\u6458\u8981 \u65b0\u5f0f Internet \u5730\u5740 Internet \u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u7528\u6765\u5206\u914d\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u6548\u7387\u662f\u5f88\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709 A \u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc ID \u7684\u5927\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709 16,777,214 \u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528 70,000 \u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a ID\uff0c\u5219 Internet \u7684 16,707,214 \u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684 IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u3002 \u81ea 1993 \u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u6839\u636e\u5404\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee Internet \u7684 IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u5411\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5206\u914d IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u79f0\u4e3a\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b \u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531 (CIDR)\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u9700\u8981 2,000 \u4e2a\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee Internet \u7684 IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002Internet \u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53f7\u7801\u5206\u914d\u793e\u56e2 (ICANN) \u6216\u67d0\u4e2a Internet \u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546 (ISP) \u5c31\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5b83\u4e00\u4e2a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709 21 \u4e2a\u4f4d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684 11 \u4e2a\u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e \u4e3b\u673a ID\u3002\u5229\u7528\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a ID \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8fd9 11 \u4e2a\u4f4d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa 2,046 \u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684 IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002 \u57fa\u4e8e CIDR \u7684\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5c06\u5f00\u59cb\u7684 24 \u4e2a\u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc ID\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u540e\u9762\u7684 8 \u4e2a\u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a ID\u3002\u8868 3-3 \u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4e3b\u673a ID \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94 \u7684\u57fa\u4e8e CIDR \u7684\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u3002 \u4e3b\u673a ID \u7684\u6570\u91cf \u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6 \u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570
\n2\u2013254 \/24 255.255.255.0
\n255\u2013510 \/23 255.255.254.0
\n511\u20131,022 \/22 255.255.252.0
\n1,021\u20132,046 \/21 255.255.248.0
\n2,047\u20134,094 \/20 255.255.240.0
\n4,095\u20138,190 \/19 255.255.224.0
\n8,191\u201316,382 \/18 255.255.192.0
\n16,383\u201332,766 \/17 255.255.128.0
\n32,767\u201365,534 \/16 255.255.0.0
\n\u8868 3-3 \u4e3b\u673a ID \u9700\u6c42\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e CIDR \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6 \u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740 \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5230 Internet \u7684\u76f4\u63a5\uff08\u8def\u7531\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5230 Internet \u7684\u95f4\u63a5\uff08\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u6216\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u7528 \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684 Intranet \u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Internet\uff0c\u5219\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u60a8\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u64ad IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c \u60a8\u7684 Intranet \u66fe\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Internet\uff0c\u5219\u60a8\u5e94\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7f51\u7edc\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u53f7\u3002 ICANN \u5206\u914d\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u5df2\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u5728 Internet \u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u524d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6709\u7c7b\u522b\u7f51\u7edc ID \u6216\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e CIDR \u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e CIDR \u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cw\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\uff09\u7684\u503c\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f 1 \u81f3 126 \u548c 128 \u81f3 223\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\uff08\u672c\u7ae0\u201c\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u201d\u4e00\u8282\u4f5c\u4e86\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\u9664 \u5916\u3002 ICANN \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u540e\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5c31\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 Internet \u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4e0e\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u4f8b \u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e Internet \u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u5185\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684 IPv4 \u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u88ab\u8def\u7531 \u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002 \u975e\u6cd5\u5730\u5740 \u4e0d\u9700\u8981 Internet \u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u7ec4\u7ec7 Intranet \u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5b83\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u5740\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 ICANN \u5df2\u7ecf\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\u524d \u7f00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e13\u7528\u7ec4\u7ec7\u540e\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Internet\uff0c\u5219\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u4f1a\u548c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u800c\u53d8\u4e3a\u975e\u6cd5\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5177\u6709\u975e\u6cd5\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u6cd5\u5730\u5740\u63a5\u6536\u901a\u4fe1 \u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a Internet \u4e0a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u53d1\u5f80 ICANN \u5206\u914d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u6cd5\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528 206.73.118.0\/24 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176 Intranet \u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0cICANN \u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u7f00\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e86 Microsoft Corporation\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 Internet \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4f1a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u5f80 IPv4 \u5730\u5740 206.73.118.0\/24 \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305 \u53d1\u9001\u5230 Microsoft\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8be5\u4e13\u7528\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Internet\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 IPv4 \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684 \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u7ec4\u7ec7\u540e\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Internet \u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528 206.73.118.0\/24 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7 Internet \u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u5230\u8fbe Microsoft\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002 \u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740 \u6bcf\u4e2a IPv4 \u63a5\u53e3\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5176 IPv4 \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Internet\uff0c\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Internet \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a IPv4 \u63a5\u53e3\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728 Internet \u5185\u552f\u4e00\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u968f\u7740 Internet \u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Internet \u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u5176 Intranet \u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9700\u6c42\u5bf9\u53ef\u7528\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\u6c60\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002 \u5728\u5206\u6790\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5730\u5740\u9700\u6c42\u65f6\uff0cInternet \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Internet\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7ec4\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 Internet \u670d\u52a1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Web \u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7f51\u5173\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee Internet \u670d\u52a1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927 \u591a\u6570\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f9b\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Internet \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u7b49\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee Internet \u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5df2\u5206\u914d\u7684\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u7f16\u5740\u95ee\u9898\uff0cInternet \u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f9b\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u53eb\u505a\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\u6c38\u8fdc\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\u6765\u5206\u914d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u7528\u548c\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d \u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\u91cd\u590d\u3002 RFC 1918 \u4e3a\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\uff1a \u2022 10.0.0.0\/8 (10.0.0.0, 255.0.0.0) \u5141\u8bb8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6709\u6548 IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff1a10.0.0.1 \u81f3 10.255.255.254\u3002\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00 10.0.0.0\/8 \u6709 24 \u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\uff1b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a \u4e13\u7528\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u7f16\u5740\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u3002
\n\u2022 172.16.0.0\/12 (172.16.0.0, 255.240.0.0) \u5141\u8bb8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6709\u6548 IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff1a172.16.0.1 \u81f3 172.31.255.254\u3002\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00 172.16.0.0\/12 \u6709 20 \u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a \u4f4d\uff1b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u7f16\u5740\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u3002
\n\u2022 192.168.0.0\/16 (192.168.0.0, 255.255.0.0) \u5141\u8bb8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6709\u6548 IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff1a192.168.0.1 \u81f3 192.168.255.254\u3002\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00 192.168.0.0\/16 \u6709 16 \u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\uff1b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u7f16\u5740\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u3002
\n\u56e0\u4e3a ICANN \u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Internet \u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 Internet \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u6307 \u5411\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8def\u7531\u3002\u60a8\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7 Internet \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5176 Internet \u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u6709\u6548\u516c \u7528\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7f51\u5173\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362 (NAT) \u8bbe\u5907\u5c06\u6b64\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\u3002 \u81ea\u52a8\u4e13\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740 \u6b63\u5982\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0\u201cTCP\/IP \u7b80\u4ecb\u201d\u6240\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c Windows Server 2003 \u6216 Windows XP \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a \u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8ba9\u8be5\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6ca1\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae (DHCP) \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5907\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5907\u7528\u914d \u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201cInternet \u534f\u8bae (TCP\/IP)\u201d\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5907\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u9009\u9879\u5361\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u3002 \u9009\u4e2d\u4e86\u201c\u5907\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u9009\u9879\u5361\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u52a8\u4e13\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740\u201d\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230 DHCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5219 Windows \u7684 TCP\/IP \u7ec4\u4ef6\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u4e13\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740 (APIPA)\u3002TCP\/IP \u7ec4\u4ef6\u4ece\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00 169.254.0.0\/16 \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801 255.255.0.0\u3002ICANN \u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6b64\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6b64\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u5728 Internet \u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u3002\u5229\u7528 APIPA\uff0c\u5355\u5b50\u7f51\u5c0f\u578b\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\/\u5bb6\u5ead\u529e\u516c\u5ba4 (SOHO) \u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 TCP\/IP \u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53bb\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u9759\u6001\u5730\u5740\u6216\u7ba1\u7406 DHCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002APIPA \u4e0d\u914d\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u60a8\u53ea\u80fd\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u5176 \u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u4ea4\u6362\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u3002 \u7279\u6b8a\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5730\u5740\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\uff1a \u2022 0.0.0.0 \u79f0\u4e3a\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5730\u5740\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u4ec5\u7528\u4f5c\u4e0b\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u67d0\u4e2a IPv4 \u8282\u70b9\u6ca1\u6709\u914d\u7f6e IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6b63\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e \u534f\u8bae\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 DHCP\uff09\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 127.0.0.1 \u79f0\u4e3a IPv4 \u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u73af\u56de\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u6b64\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4f9b\u8282\u70b9\u7528\u6765\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002
\n\u5355\u64ad IPv4 \u7f16\u5740\u51c6\u5219 \u5728\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u5206\u914d\u7f51\u7edc ID \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51c6\u5219\uff1a \u2022 \u7f51\u7edc ID \u5728 IPv4 \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5b50\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee Internet\uff0c\u5219\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531 ICANN \u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e2a Internet \u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u5206\u914d\u7684\u516c\u7528 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u5982\u679c \u4e3b\u673a\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5b50\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee Internet\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u4e13\u7528 Intranet \u5185\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u5747\u53ef\u3002
\n\u2022 \u7f51\u7edc ID \u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57 0 \u6216 127 \u5f00\u5934\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u503c\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u4e8e IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u4e3a IPv4 \u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u63a5\u53e3\u5206\u914d\u4e3b\u673a ID \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51c6\u5219\uff1a \u2022 \u4e3b\u673a ID \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002
\n\u2022 \u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5168 0 \u6216\u5168 1 \u4e3b\u673a ID\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u6548\u7684 IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6807\u51c6\u505a\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a \u2022 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4e\u5e8f\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u5747\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4e\u5e8f\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u5747\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00 192.168.16.0\/20 \u7684\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u2022 \u8be5\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f 11000000 10101000 00010000 00000001\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u4ee5\u7c97\u4f53\u5b57\u663e\u793a\uff09\u6216\u8005 192.168.16.1\u3002
\n\u2022 \u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f 11000000 10101000 00011111 11111110\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u4ee5\u7c97\u4f53\u5b57\u663e\u793a\uff09\u6216\u8005 192.168.31.254\u3002
\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00 192.168.16.0\/20 \u7684\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u662f\uff1a192.168.16.1 \u81f3 192.168.21.254\u3002 IPv4 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 IPv4 \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u64ad\u7684 IPv4 Intranet \u4e0a\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c06\u5b9a\u5740\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a IPv4 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684 IPv4 \u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5728\u4fa6\u542c\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8be5 IPv4 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u3002IPv4 \u591a\u64ad\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5c06\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002 IPv4 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f\u7531 D \u7c7b Internet \u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b (224.0.0.0\/4) \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002IPv4 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f\uff1a224.0.0.0 \u81f3 239.255.255.255\uff08\u542b\uff09\u3002\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00 224.0.0.0\/24 \u7684 IPv4 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff08224.0.0.0 \u81f3 224.0.0.255\uff09\u662f\u4e3a\u672c \u5730\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u64ad\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u3002 IPv4 \u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740 IPv4 \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7ec4\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u90fd\u5904\u7406\u53d1\u9001\u5230 IPv4 \u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd IPv4 \u5e7f\u64ad\u5730 \u5740\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a \u2022 \u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad \u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6709\u7c7b\u522b\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1 \u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c131.107.255.255 \u662f\u6709\u7c7b\u522b\u7f51\u7edc ID 131.107.0.0\/16 \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad\u4f1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6709\u7c7b\u522b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u3002IPv4 \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0d\u8f6c\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5b50\u7f51\u5e7f\u64ad \u5b50\u7f51\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1 \u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c131.107.26.255 \u662f\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u7f51\u7edc ID 131.107.26.0\/24 \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5b50\u7f51\u5e7f\u64ad\u4f1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u3002IPv4 \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0d\u8f6c\u53d1\u5b50\u7f51\u5e7f\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002 \u6709\u7c7b\u522b\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u7f51\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u6ca1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5b50\u7f51\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5168\u5b50\u7f51\u5b9a\u5411\u5e7f\u64ad \u5168\u5b50\u7f51\u5b9a\u5411\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u6709\u7c7b\u522b\u7f51\u7edc ID \u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u5168\u90e8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1 \u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002RFC 1812 \u4e2d\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u5b50\u7f51\u5b9a\u5411\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b9a \u4e49\uff0c\u5b9a\u5740\u5230\u5168\u5b50\u7f51\u5b9a\u5411\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u5df2\u5212\u5206\u4e86\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6709\u7c7b\u522b\u7f51\u7edc ID \u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c131.107.255.255 \u662f\u5df2\u5212\u5206\u4e86\u5b50\u7f51 \u7684\u7f51\u7edc ID 131.107.26.0\/24 \u7684\u5168\u5b50\u7f51\u5b9a\u5411\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5168\u5b50\u7f51\u5b9a\u5411\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u6709\u7c7b\u522b\u7f51\u7edc ID \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 \u6709\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad \u6709\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7684 32 \u4e2a\u4f4d\u5168\u90e8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1 (255.255.255.255) \u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc ID \u672a\u77e5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \u6709\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u672c\u5730\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u201d\u4f20\u9001\u3002IPv4 \u8282\u70b9\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u542f\u52a8\u534f\u8bae (BOOTP) \u6216 DHCP\uff09\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4f8b \u5982\uff0c\u5728 DHCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786e\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u63d0\u8bae\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u914d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cDHCP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001\u6240\u6709\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u3002
\n \u8fd4\u56de\u9875\u9996 IPv6 \u7f16\u5740 IPv6 \u548c IPv4 \u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5c31\u662f\u5730\u5740\u5927\u5c0f\u3002IPv6 \u7684\u5730\u5740\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 128 \u4f4d\uff0c\u662f IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u56db\u500d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a 32 \u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5141\u8bb8 232 \u5373 4,294,967,296 \u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a 128 \u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5141\u8bb8 2128 \u5373 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456\uff08\u6216 3.4×1038\uff09\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u6781\u5c11\u6570\uff09\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\u4f1a\u7528\u5b8c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e Internet \u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b \u7684\u7f51\u7edc ID \u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5206\u914d\u548c\u8fd1\u6765 Internet \u4e2d\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff0cIPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c31\u8981\u8017\u5c3d\u4e86\uff1b\u5230 1992 \u5e74\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u6717\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f \u52bf\u5728\u5fc5\u884c\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e IPv6 \u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u96be\u60f3\u50cf\u5230 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7528\u5b8c\u3002\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a 128 \u4f4d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u6bcf\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u9762\u79ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 655,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 (6.5×1023) \u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 128 \u4f4d\u7684\u957f \u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u6bcf\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709 655,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 (6.5×1023) \u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u548c\u8def\u7531\u6765\u53cd\u6620\u73b0\u4ee3 Internet \u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 64 \u4f4d\u5a92\u4f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236 (MAC) \u5730\u5740\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 128 \u4f4d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u5206\u5c42\u5bfb\u5740\u548c\u8def\u7531\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e IPv4 \u7684 Internet \u6240\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u3002 RFC 3513 \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86 IPv6 \u7f16\u5740\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u8bed\u6cd5 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u662f\u4ee5\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e IPv6\uff0c128 \u4f4d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u6309\u6bcf 16 \u4f4d 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u6765\u5206\u9694\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a 16 \u4f4d\u5757\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 4 \u4e2a\u5341\u516d \u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff08\u57fa16 \u8ba1\u6570\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u7684 16 \u4f4d\u5757\u4ee5\u534a\u89d2\u5192\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\u3002\u751f\u6210\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u53eb\u505a\u5192\u53f7\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\uff1a 0011111111111110001010010000000011010000000001010000000000000000 0000001010101010000000001111111111111110001010001001110001011010 \u6bcf 16 \u4f4d\u7528 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u6765\u5206\u5272\u6b64 128 \u4f4d\u5730\u5740\uff1a 0011111111111110 0010100100000000 1101000000000101 0000000000000000 0000001010101010 0000000011111111 1111111000101000 1001110001011010 \u6bcf\u4e2a 16 \u4f4d\u5757\u90fd\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u5757\u7528\u534a\u89d2\u5192\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1a 3FFE:2900:D005:0000:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A \u901a\u8fc7\u5220\u9664\u6bcf\u4e2a 16 \u4f4d\u5757\u5185\u7684\u524d\u5bfc\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7b80\u5316 IPv6 \u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u6700\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u5220\u9664\u524d\u5bfc\u96f6\u540e\uff0c\u6b64\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\uff1a 3FFE:2900:D005:0:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A \u5728\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u548c\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362 \u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u8ba1\u6570\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57 0 \u81f3 9\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcd A\u3001B\u3001C\u3001D\u3001E \u548c F\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca 16 \u7684\u6307\u6570\u5e42\u3002\u8868 3-4 \u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u6570\u5b57 0 \u81f3 15 \u7684\u5341\u8fdb \u5236\u3001\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u5341\u8fdb\u5236 \u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236 \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236
\n0 0 0000
\n1 1 0001
\n2 2 0010
\n3 3 0011
\n4 4 0100
\n5 5 0101
\n6 6 0110
\n7 7 0111
\n8 8 1000
\n9 9 1001
\n10 A 1010
\n11 B 1011
\n12 C 1100
\n13 D 1101
\n14 E 1110
\n15 F 1111
\n\u8868 3-4 \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362 \u8981\u5c06\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684 4 \u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5c06\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570 0x03D8 \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570 \u5b57\uff080\u30013\u3001D \u548c 8\uff09\u5206\u522b\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c0x03D8 \u5c31\u662f 0000 0011 1101 1000 \u6216 0000001111011000\u3002 \u8981\u5c06\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff0c\u5e94\u4ece\u4f4e\u5e8f\u4f4d\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5206\u5272\u6210\u5305\u542b 4 \u4f4d\u7684\u5757\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b 4 \u4f4d\u7684\u5757\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5c06\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236 \u6570 0110000110101110 \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u5e94\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u5206\u5272\u6210 4 \u4f4d\u4e00\u5757\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5757\uff0c\u5373 0110 0001 1010 1110\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u5757 \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5373 0x61AE\u3002 \u867d\u7136\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Windows Server 2003 \u6216 Windows XP \u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u5728\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u624b\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8 \u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8981\u5728\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u548c\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\uff08IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 Windows \u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u3002 \u538b\u7f29\u96f6 \u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u957f\u4e32\u96f6\u3002\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7b80\u5316 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ee5\u5192\u53f7\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4e00\u4e32\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0 \u7684 16 \u4f4d\u5757\u538b\u7f29 \u6210\u201c::\u201d\uff08\u53eb\u505a\u53cc\u5192\u53f7\uff09\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5355\u64ad IPv6 \u5730\u5740 FE80:0:0:0:2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2 \u538b\u7f29\u6210 FE80::2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 \u591a\u64ad IPv6 \u5730\u5740 FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 \u538b\u7f29\u6210 FF02::2\u3002 \u60a8\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u96f6\u538b\u7f29\u6765\u538b\u7f29\u4ee5\u5192\u53f7\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684 16 \u4f4d\u5757\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u60a8\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9 16 \u4f4d\u5757\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u96f6\u538b\u7f29\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06 FF02:30:0:0:0:0:0:5 \u8868\u793a\u4e3a FF02:3::5\u3002 \u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u201c::\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u591a\u5c11\u4f4d\u96f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u538b\u7f29\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u6570\uff0c\u7528 8 \u51cf\u53bb\u6b64\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u4e58\u4ee5 16\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5730\u5740 FF02::2 \u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5757\uff08\u201cFF02\u201d\u5757 \u548c\u201c2\u201d\u5757\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u516d\u4e2a 16 \u4f4d\u5757\uff08\u603b\u5171 96 \u4f4d\uff09\u5df2\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\u3002 \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u96f6\u538b\u7f29\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u201c::\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u591a\u5c11\u4f4d\u96f6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5305\u542b\u540c\u6837\u957f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u96f6\u5757\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u6362\u5c06\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u96f6\u5757\u5e8f\u5217 \u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u201c::\u201d\u3002 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00 \u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFF00::\/8 \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u8303 \u56f4\uff0c3FFE:FFFF::\/32 \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u524d\u7f00\uff0c3FFE:FFFF:0:2F3B::\/64 \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u60a8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 IPv4 \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u5341\u516d\u8fdb \u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u3002 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b IPv6 \u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a \u2022 \u5355\u64ad \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u6807\u8bc6\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b\u8303\u56f4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5355\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u5b9a\u5740\u5230\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u88ab\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002
\n\u2022 \u591a\u64ad \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u6807\u8bc6\u591a\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u591a\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u5b9a\u5740\u5230\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u88ab\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u7531\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4f20\u9001 \u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002
\n\u2022 \u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad \u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u6807\u8bc6\u591a\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8def\u7531\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u5b9a\u5740\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u88ab\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5373\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u201c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u201d\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u6307\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8ddd \u79bb\u3002\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002
\nIPv6 \u5730\u5740\u603b\u662f\u6807\u8bc6\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6807\u8bc6\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u7531\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5176\u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u6807\u8bc6\u3002 RFC 3513 \u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c\u6362\u7528\u4e86 IPv6 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cIPv4 \u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u548c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u7684 IPv6 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 FF02::1 \u53d6\u4ee3\u3002 IPv6 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u662f\u5355\u64ad IPv6 \u5730\u5740\uff1a \u2022 \u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740
\n\u2022 \u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740
\n\u2022 \u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740
\n\u2022 \u7279\u6b8a IPv6 \u5730\u5740
\n\u2022 \u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u5730\u5740
\n\u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740 \u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u516c\u7528 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728 Internet \u4e0a\u7684 IPv6 \u90e8\u5206\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a IPv6 Internet\uff09\u662f\u53ef\u5168\u5c40\u8def\u7531\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u805a\u5408\u6216\u6c47\u603b\u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8def\u7531\u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u57fa\u4e8e IPv4 \u7684 Internet \u7531\u5e73\u9762\u8def\u7531\u548c\u5206\u5c42\u8def\u7531\u6df7\u5408\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e IPv6 \u7684 Internet \u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u5bfb\u5740\u548c\u8def\u7531\u3002\u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5728\u5176\u8303\u56f4\u4e2d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u8303\u56f4\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u4e2a IPv6 Internet\u3002 \u56fe 3-7 \u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86 RFC 3587 \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u56fe 3-7 RFC 3587 \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe \u56fe 3-8 \u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u5728\u64b0\u5199\u672c\u6587\u65f6 IANA \u5206\u914d\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6839\u636e RFC 3587 \u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\u3002 \u56fe 3-8 IANA \u5f53\u524d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe \u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u6709\uff1a \u2022 \u56fa\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 001\uff09 \u4e09\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5e8f\u4f4d\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 001\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u662f 2000::\/3\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5168\u5c40\u8def\u7531\u524d\u7f00 \u5168\u5c40\u8def\u7531\u524d\u7f00\u53ef\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c 45 \u4f4d\u5168\u5c40\u8def\u7531\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa 48 \u4f4d\u7ad9\u70b9\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002\u5206 \u914d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cIPv6 Internet \u4e0a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u5339\u914d 48 \u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u7684 IPv6 \u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5b50\u7f51 ID \u5b50\u7f51 ID \u6807\u8bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u3002\u6b64\u5b57\u6bb5\u957f 16 \u4f4d\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ad9\u70b9\u53ef\u5728\u5176\u7ad9\u70b9\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9 16 \u4f4d\u6765\u521b\u5efa 65,536 \u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5bfb\u5740\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6548 \u8def\u7531\u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
\n\u2022 \u63a5\u53e3 ID \u63a5\u53e3 ID \u6307\u793a\u7ad9\u70b9\u5185\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u6b64\u5b57\u6bb5\u957f 64 \u4f4d\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c3FFE:FFFF:2A3C:F282:2B0:D0FF:FEE9:4143 \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\uff1a \u2022 3FFE:FFFF:2A3C \u8868\u793a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ad9\u70b9
\n\u2022 F282 \u8868\u793a\u8be5\u7ad9\u70b9\u5185\u7684\u5b50\u7f51
\n\u2022 2B0:D0FF:FEE9:4143 \u8868\u793a\u8be5\u7ad9\u70b9\u5185\u8be5\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u63a5\u53e3
\nRFC 3587 \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 3-9 \u6240\u793a\u3002 \u56fe 3-9 RFC 3587 \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e09\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe \u516c\u7528\u62d3\u6251\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u63d0\u4f9b IPv6 Internet \u63a5\u5165\u7684\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684 ISP \u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 IPv6 Internet \u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6784\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u7ad9\u70b9\u62d3\u6251\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ad9\u70b9\u5185\u7684 \u5b50\u7f51\u6784\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6807\u8bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ad9\u70b9\u4e2d\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002 \u672c\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a \u2022 \u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u90bb\u5c45\u53d1\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49 IPv6 \u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\n\u2022 \u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7 Intranet \u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u7ad9\u70b9\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002
\n\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740 \u8282\u70b9\u5728\u4e0e\u540c\u4e00\u94fe\u8def\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u5b50\u7f51\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u5355\u94fe\u8def IPv6 \u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\uff0c\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730 \u5740\u3002\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c Windows \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u7684 APIPA IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u552f\u4e00 \u6027\uff09\u662f\u672c\u5730\u94fe\u8def\u3002 \u90bb\u5c45\u53d1\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\uff08\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u603b\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u3002 \u56fe 3-10 \u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u56fe 3-10 \u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe \u7531\u4e8e\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u7684\u524d 64 \u4f4d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u90fd\u662f FE80::\/64\u3002 IPv6 \u8def\u7531\u5668\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u94fe\u8def\u4e4b\u5916\u3002 \u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740 \u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e IPv4 \u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4e13\u7528 Intranet \u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e IPv6 Internet \u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e \u5168\u5c40\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u7ad9\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e5f\u51b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u7ad9\u70b9\u5916\u3002\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u5bf9\u5168\u5c40\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8865\u5145\u3002\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740 \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\uff08\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5730\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u62d3\u6251\u8fb9\u754c\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u8fb9\u754c\uff09\u3002 \u4e0e\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u5730\u5740\u914d\u7f6e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u914d\u3002 \u56fe 3-11 \u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u56fe 3-11 \u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe \u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u7684\u524d 10 \u4f4d\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a 1111 1110 11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u90fd\u662f FEC0::\/10\u3002\u9664\u4e86 10 \u4e2a\u9ad8\u5e8f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709 \u4e00\u4e2a 54 \u4f4d\u5b50\u7f51 ID \u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u7f51\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 54 \u4f4d\uff0c\u60a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u9762\u5b50\u7f51\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u62e5\u6709 254 \u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff1b\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5272\u5b50\u7f51 ID \u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u9ad8\u5e8f\u4f4d\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u3001\u6458\u8981\u578b\u8def\u7531\u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b50\u7f51 ID \u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u540e\u9762\u662f 64 \u4f4d\u63a5\u53e3 ID \u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b83\u6807\u8bc6\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f \u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u201cDeprecating Site Local Addresses\u201d\uff08\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a draft-ietf-ipv6-deprecate-site-local-0x.txt\uff09\u7684 Internet \u8349\u6848\u6b63\u5f0f\u89c4\u5b9a\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u7684 IPv6 \u5b9e\u65bd\u4e2d \u4f7f\u7528\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728\u63a8\u51fa\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7684 IPv6 \u5b9e\u65bd\u4ecd\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u3002\u201cInternet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Addressing Architecture\u201d\uff08Internet \u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c 6 (IPv6) \u7f16\u5740\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u73b0\u5df2\u4f5c\u4e3a Internet \u8349\u6848 (draft-ietf-ipv6-addr-arch-v4-0x.txt) \u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u4e8e IPv6 \u7f16\u5740\u6807\u51c6\u7684 Internet \u8349\u6848\u5c06\u6dd8\u6c70 RFC 3513\u3002 \u672c\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5730\u5740\u7684\u533a\u57df ID \u672c\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5730\u5740\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7 Intranet \u4e2d\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u94fe\u8def\uff08\u5b50\u7f51\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5236\u3002\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u94fe\u8def \u672c\u5730\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u5728\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5f53\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df ID\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u53ef \u4f9b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u533a\u57df\u3002\u5728 Ping\u3001Tracert \u548c Pathping \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df ID \u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f IPv6Address%ZoneID\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u6807\uff0cZoneID \u901a\u5e38\u7b49\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u5728\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u63a5\u53e3\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4ece netsh interface ipv6 show interface \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u663e\u793a\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684 IPv6 \u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\uff0cZoneID \u7b49\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ece netsh interface ipv6 show address level=verbose \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u663e\u793a\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\u7f16\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u672a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u7684\u533a\u57df ID\u3002\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5168\u5c40 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 ZoneID \u53c2\u6570\u3002 \u7279\u6b8a IPv6 \u5730\u5740 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7279\u6b8a IPv6 \u5730\u5740\uff1a \u2022 \u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740 \u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\uff080:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 \u6216 ::\uff09\u8868\u793a\u5730\u5740\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e IPv4 \u7684\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740 0.0.0.0\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e34\u65f6\u5730\u5740\u552f \u4e00\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u4ece\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u7528\u4f5c\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 \u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740 \u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740\uff080:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 \u6216 ::1\uff09\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u56de\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff1b\u6b64\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e IPv4 \u7684\u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740 127.0.0.1\u3002\u5b9a\u5740\u5230\u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u4e0d\u5728\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7531 IPv6 \u8def\u7531\u5668\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002
\n\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u5730\u5740 \u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ece IPv4 \u5411 IPv6 \u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5730\u5740\uff1a \u2022 \u4e0e IPv4 \u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u5730\u5740 \u4e0e IPv4 \u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c0:0:0:0:0:0:w.x.y.z \u6216 ::w.x.y.z\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 w.x.y.z \u662f\u516c\u7528 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a \u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u4f9b\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528 IPv6 \u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684 IPv6\/IPv4 \u8282\u70b9\u4f7f\u7528\u3002IPv6\/IPv4 \u8282\u70b9\u662f\u517c\u7528 IPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5f53 IPv4 \u517c\u5bb9\u5730\u5740\u7528\u4f5c IPv6 \u76ee\u6807\u65f6\uff0cIPv6 \u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u81ea\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528 IPv4 \u6807\u5934\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4f7f\u7528 IPv4 \u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7528\u4e8e Windows Server 2003 \u548c Windows XP \u7684 IPv6 \u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301 IPv4 \u517c\u5bb9\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7981\u7528\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 IPv4 \u6620\u5c04\u5730\u5740 IPv4 \u6620\u5c04\u5730\u5740\uff0c0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:w.x.y.z \u6216 ::FFFF:w.x.y.z\uff0c\u5c06\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528 IPv4 \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u4e3a IPv6 \u8282 \u70b9\u3002IPv4 \u6620\u5c04\u5730\u5740\u4ec5\u7528\u4f5c\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002IPv4 \u6620\u5c04\u5730\u5740\u4ece\u4e0d\u7528\u4f5c IPv6 \u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7528\u4e8e Windows Server 2003 \u548c Windows XP \u7684 IPv6 \u4e0d\u652f\u6301 IPv4 \u6620\u5c04\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 6to4 \u5730\u5740 6to4 \u5730\u5740\u7528\u4e8e Internet \u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c IPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5168\u5c40\u524d\u7f00 2002::\/16 \u4e0e\u8282\u70b9\u7684 32 \u4f4d\u516c\u7528 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7ec4\u5408\u6210 48 \u4f4d\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u6765\u6784\u6210 6to4 \u5730\u5740\u30026to4 \u662f RFC 3056 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684 IPv6 \u8fc7\u6e21\u6280\u672f\u3002
\n\u2022 ISATAP \u5730\u5740 \u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u7ad9\u70b9\u95f4\u81ea\u52a8\u96a7\u9053\u5bfb\u5740\u534f\u8bae (ISATAP)\u201d\u7684 Internet \u8349\u6848\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5728\u4e13\u7528 intranet \u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c IPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282 \u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 ISATAP \u5730\u5740\u3002ISATAP \u5730\u5740\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u63a5\u53e3 ID ::0:5EFE:w.x.y.z\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d w.x.y.z \u662f\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u64ad IPv4 \u5730\u5740\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u516c\u7528\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u4e13\u7528\u7684\uff09\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 ISATAP \u63a5\u53e3 ID \u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9 IPv6 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u6709\u6548\u7684 64 \u4f4d\u524d\u7f00\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730 \u5740\u524d\u7f00 (FE80::\/64)\u3001\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u524d\u7f00\u3002
\n\u2022 Teredo \u5730\u5740 \u5f53\u7ec8\u7ed3\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7ed3\u70b9\u90fd\u4f4d\u4e8e IPv4 \u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362 (NAT) \u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u540e\u65f6\uff0cTeredo \u5730\u5740\u7528\u4e8e\u5728 Internet \u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c IPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a 32 \u4f4d\u7684 Teredo \u524d\u7f00\u4e0e Teredo \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u516c\u7528 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6784\u6210 Teredo \u5730\u5740\u3002Teredo \u662f\u4e00\u79cd IPv6 \u8fc7\u6e21\u6280\u672f\uff0cInternet \u8349\u6848\u201cTeredo: Tunneling IPv6 over UDP through NATs\u201d\uff08Teredo\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7 NAT \u4f7f\u7528 IPv6 over UDP \u8fdb\u884c\u96a7\u9053\u4f20\u8f93\uff09\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u3002
\nIPv6 \u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26 \u5355\u64ad IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u540e 64 \u4f4d\u662f\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5bf9\u4e8e IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u7684 64 \u4f4d\u524d\u7f00\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002IPv6 \u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a \u2022 \u7531\u6269\u5c55\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26 (EUI)-64 \u5730\u5740\u6d3e\u751f\u800c\u6765\u7684 64 \u4f4d\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002
\n\u2022 \u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u66f4\u6539\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9690\u853d\u6027\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5728\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u5730\u5740\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae IPv6 \u7248 [DHCPv6]\uff09\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002
\n\u57fa\u4e8e EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26 RFC 3513 \u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528 001 \u5230 111 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4ece EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\uff08\u7531 IEEE \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a 64 \u4f4d\u5730\u5740\uff09\u6d3e\u751f \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a 64 \u4f4d\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002 \u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u7684 48 \u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a 24 \u4f4d\u7684\u516c\u53f8 ID\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u5236\u9020\u5546 ID\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a 24 \u4f4d\u7684\u6269 \u5c55 ID\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u677f ID\uff09\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u5730\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5404\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u5236\u9020\u5546\u7684\u516c\u53f8 ID \u548c\u5728\u88c5\u914d\u65f6\u552f\u4e00\u5730\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5404\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u7684\u677f ID \u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4fbf\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u552f\u4e00\u7684 48 \u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6b64 48 \u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u53c8\u53eb\u505a\u7269\u7406\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u6216 MAC \u5730\u5740\u3002 \u56fe 3-12 \u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86 48 \u4f4d IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u56fe 3-12 48 \u4f4d IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4f4d\u6709\uff1a \u2022 \u7edf\u4e00\/\u672c\u5730 (U\/L) \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u6b21\u4f4e\u5e8f\u4f4d\u6307\u793a\u5730\u5740\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u672c\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c U\/L \u4f4d\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5219\u7531 IEEE\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u516c\u53f8 ID\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c U\/L \u4f4d\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u662f\u672c\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u5236\u9020\u5546\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002U\/L \u4f4d\u662f\u7531\u56fe 3-12 \u4e2d\u7684 u \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u3002
\n\u2022 \u4e2a\u4f53\/\u7ec4 (I\/G) \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4e\u5e8f\u4f4d\u6307\u793a\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5355\u64ad\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u7ec4\u5730\u5740\uff08\u591a\u64ad\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u5730 \u5740\u3002I\/G \u4f4d\u662f\u7531\u56fe 3-12 \u4e2d\u7684 g \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5178\u578b\u7684 802 \u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cU\/L \u548c I\/G \u4f4d\u5747\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5355\u64ad MAC \u5730\u5740\u3002 IEEE EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7f16\u5740\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u516c\u53f8 ID \u4ecd\u65e7\u662f 24 \u4f4d\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6269\u5c55 ID \u4e3a 40 \u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u5236\u9020\u5546\u63d0 \u4f9b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\u4f7f\u7528 U\/L \u548c I\/G \u4f4d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u4f7f\u7528 U\/L \u548c I\/G \u4f4d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002 \u56fe 3-13 \u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86 EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u56fe 3-13 EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe \u56fe 3-14 \u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u7528 IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u521b\u5efa EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u53f8 ID \u548c\u6269\u5c55 ID \u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165 16 \u4f4d 11111111 11111110 (0xFFFE)\u3002 \u56fe 3-14 \u5c06 IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 EUI-64 \u5730\u5740 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe \u8981\u83b7\u5f97 IPv6 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684 64 \u4f4d\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9 EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684 U\/L \u4f4d\u53d6\u8865\u7801\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u4f4d\u662f 1\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u4f4d\u662f 0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\u3002\uff09\u56fe 3-15 \u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5355\u64ad EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002 \u56fe 3-15 \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5355\u64ad EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 IPv6 \u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe \u8981\u4ece IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u83b7\u5f97 IPv6 \u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5c06 IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9 U\/L \u4f4d\u53d6\u8865\u7801\u3002\u56fe 3-16 \u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5355\u64ad IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002 \u56fe 3-16 \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5355\u64ad IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 IPv6 \u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u793a\u4f8b \u4e3b\u673a A \u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51 MAC \u5730\u5740\u4e3a 00-AA-00-3F-2A-1C\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165 FF-FE \u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 EUI-64 \u683c \u5f0f\uff0c\u751f\u6210 00-AA-00-FF-FE-3F-2A-1C\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5bf9 U\/L \u4f4d\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u4f4d\uff09\u53d6\u8865\u7801\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f 00000000\u3002\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e03\u4f4d\u53d6\u8865\u7801\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u53d8\u6210\u4e86 00000010 (0x02)\u3002\u5c06\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c 02-AA-00-FF-FE-3F-2A-1C \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5192\u53f7\u5341\u516d \u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26 2AA:FF:FE3F:2A1C\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e MAC \u5730\u5740\u4e3a 00-AA-00-3F-2A-1C \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u7684 \u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u662f FE80::2AA:FF:FE3F:2A1C\u3002 \u5bf9 U\/L \u4f4d\u53d6\u8865\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5730\u5740\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06 0x2 \u52a0\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5730\u5740\u662f\u672c\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u51cf\u53bb 0x2\u3002 \u4e34\u65f6\u5730\u5740\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26 \u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u57fa\u4e8e IPv4 \u7684 Internet \u4e2d\uff0cInternet \u7528\u6237\u901a\u5e38\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a Internet \u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546 (ISP) \u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u534f\u8bae (PPP) \u548c Internet \u534f\u8bae\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae (IPCP) \u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u7528\u6237\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u96be \u4ee5\u6839\u636e IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u62e8\u53f7\u7528\u6237\u5728 Internet \u4e0a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e IPv6 \u7684\u62e8\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u5730\u5740\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a 64 \u4f4d\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u59cb\u7ec8\u57fa\u4e8e EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\uff08\u6d3e\u751f\u81ea\u9759\u6001 IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u8bba\u524d\u7f00\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528 Internet \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9690\u853d\u6027\uff0cRFC 3041 \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u3001\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u5907\u7528 IPv6 \u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002 \u521d\u59cb\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5b57\u751f\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u672a\u6765\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u503c\u800c\u5b58\u50a8\u4efb\u4f55\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\u7684 IPv6 \u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21 IPv6 \u534f\u8bae\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a \u65b0\u7684\u968f\u673a\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002\u5177\u6709\u5b58\u50a8\u80fd\u529b\u7684 IPv6 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\u503c\uff0c\u4e14 IPv6 \u534f\u8bae\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff1a 1. \u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u9002\u914d\u5668\u7684 EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\u6765\u9644\u52a0\u8be5\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002
\n2. \u6839\u636e\u6b65\u9aa4 1 \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6d88\u606f\u6458\u8981 5 (MD5) \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u662f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6765\u4ece\u54c8\u5e0c\u7ed3 \u679c\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u3002
\n3. \u5c06\u6b65\u9aa4 2 \u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684 MD5 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u6700\u540e 64 \u4f4d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\u503c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002
\n4. \u53d6\u51fa\u6b65\u9aa4 2 \u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684 MD5 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u524d 64 \u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e03\u4f4d\u8bbe\u4e3a 0\u3002\u7b2c\u4e03\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e U\/L \u4f4d\uff0c\u8be5\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7684 IPv6 \u63a5\u53e3 \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f IPv6 \u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002
\n\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u968f\u673a\u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u751f\u6210\u7684 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e34\u65f6\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4e34\u65f6\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u5730\u5740\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u516c\u7528\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u751f\u6210\u7684\u3002 IPv6 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 IPv6 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u524d\u516b\u4f4d\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a 1111 1111\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u6709 IPv6 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u90fd\u662f FF00::\/8\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u516b\u4f4d\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b \u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u6807\u5fd7\u3001\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u548c\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u3002\u56fe 3-17 \u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86 IPv6 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u56fe 3-17 IPv6 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u6709\uff1a \u2022 \u6807\u5fd7 \u8868\u793a\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u6b64\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f 4 \u4f4d\u3002\u6839\u636e RFC 3513\uff0c\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u5fd7\u662f\u77ac\u6001 (T) \u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8be5\u6807\u5fd7\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6807\u5fd7\u201d\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u4f4e\u5e8f\u4f4d\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0cT \u6807\u5fd7\u8868\u793a\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f IANA \u5206\u914d\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u5206\u914d\uff08\u4eba\u4eec\u719f\u77e5\u7684\uff09\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0cT \u6807\u5fd7\u8868\u793a\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6682\u65f6\u7684\uff08\u975e\u6c38\u4e45\u5206\u914d\u7684\uff09\u591a\u64ad\u5730 \u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 \u4f5c\u7528\u57df \u8868\u793a IPv6 \u7f51\u7edc\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff0c\u591a\u64ad\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8be5\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u4f20\u9001\u3002\u6b64\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f 4 \u4f4d\u3002\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u591a\u64ad\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u53d1\u591a\u64ad\u901a \u4fe1\u91cf\u3002 RFC 3513 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u201c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u201d\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u3002\u201c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u201d\u5b57\u6bb5\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u503c\u662f 1\uff08\u63a5\u53e3\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff09\u30012\uff08\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff09\u548c 5\uff08\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff09\u3002
\n\u2022 \u7ec4 ID \u6807\u8bc6\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\uff1b\u5b83\u5728\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f 112 \u4f4d\u3002\u6c38\u4e45\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7ec4 ID \u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3002\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u7ec4 ID \u4ec5\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u6807\u8bc6\u63a5\u53e3\u672c\u5730\u548c\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5730\u5740\uff1a \u2022 FF01::1\uff08\u63a5\u53e3\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09
\n\u2022 FF02::1\uff08\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u6807\u8bc6\u63a5\u53e3\u672c\u5730\u3001\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u548c\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5730\u5740\uff1a \u2022 FF01::2\uff08\u63a5\u53e3\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09
\n\u2022 FF02::2\uff08\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09
\n\u2022 FF05::2\uff08\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09
\n\u82e5\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u5206\u914d IPv6 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/www.iana.org\/assignments\/ipv6-multicast-addresses\u3002 IPv6 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 IPv4 \u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002IPv6 \u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 (FF02::1) \u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86 IPv4 \u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730 \u5740\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u7c7b\u522b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\uff09\u3001\u5b50\u7f51\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\uff09\u548c\u6709\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740 (255.255.255.255)\u3002 \u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 \u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u67e5\u8be2\u4ece\u5df2\u77e5\u7684 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5730\u5740\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u5229\u3002\u5728 IPv4 \u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u548c 802.11 \u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e0a\u7684 ARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u5e27\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740 0xFF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF\u3002\u6b64\u5e27\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd0\u884c IPv4 \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002IPv6 \u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u90bb\u5c45\u8bf7\u6c42\u201d\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6267\u884c\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u94fe\u8def\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7528\u4f5c\u201c\u90bb\u5c45\u8bf7\u6c42\u201d\u6d88\u606f\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u672c\u5730 \u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709 IPv6 \u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7531\u524d\u7f00 FF02::1:FF00:0\/104 \u548c\u5355\u64ad IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u540e 24 \u4f4d\u6784\u6210\u3002\u56fe 3-18 \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5355\u64ad IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u5230\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002 \u56fe 3-18 \u521b\u5efa\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u56fe \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8282\u70b9 A \u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740 FE80::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A\uff0c\u5b83\u4fa6\u542c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 FF02::1:FF28:9C5A\u3002 \uff08\u7c97\u4f53\u5b57\u7a81\u51fa\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u516d\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\uff09\u672c\u5730\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u8282\u70b9 B \u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u8282\u70b9 A \u7684\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740 FE80::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A \u89e3 \u6790\u4e3a\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8282\u70b9 B \u5411\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 FF02::1:FF28:9C5A \u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6761\u201c\u90bb\u5c45\u8bf7\u6c42\u201d\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9 A \u6b63\u5728\u4fa6\u542c\u8be5\u591a\u64ad\u5730 \u5740\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5c06\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u201c\u90bb\u5c45\u8bf7\u6c42\u201d\u6d88\u606f\u5e76\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u6761\u5355\u64ad\u201c\u90bb\u5c45\u516c\u5e03\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\uff08\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u53d7\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u94fe\u8def\u5c42 \u5730\u5740\u3001IPv6 \u63a5\u53e3 ID \u548c\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u5730\u5740\u7528\u4f5c\u4f2a\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u3002 IPv6 \u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740 \u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u591a\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u8def\u7531\u7ed3\u6784\u8f6c\u53d1\u5b9a\u5740\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u8fbe\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4f20\u9001\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5 \u9053\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u53ca\u5176\u7528\u8def\u7531\u8dc3\u70b9\u6570\u8868\u793a\u7684\u201c\u8ddd\u79bb\u201d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4ec5\u7528\u4f5c\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4ece\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u914d\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e0e\u4ece\u5176\u5206\u914d \u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002 \u5b50\u7f51-\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4ece\u7ed9\u5b9a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u524d\u7f00\u6784\u9020\u7684\u3002\u8981\u6784\u9020\u5b50\u7f51-\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06 64 \u4f4d\u5b50\u7f51\u524d\u7f00\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u63a5\u53e3 ID\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u5b50\u7f51-\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8be5\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5b50\u7f51-\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5b50\u7f51 \u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u4e00\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002 \u4e3b\u673a\u7684 IPv6 \u5730\u5740 \u5177\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u7684 IPv4 \u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u8be5\u9002\u914d\u5668\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0 IPv6 \u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u591a\u4e2a IPv6 \u5730\u5740 \u2014 \u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a \u63a5\u53e3\u3002IPv6 \u4e3b\u673a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff1a \u2022 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5404\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002
\n\u2022 \u73af\u56de\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740 (::1)\u3002
\nIPv6 \u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u5e38\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u94fe\u8def\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u53ef\u8def\u7531\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u6216\u5168\u5c40\u5730\u5740\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u8fd8\u4fa6\u542c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\uff1a \u2022 \u63a5\u53e3\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 (FF01::1)\u3002
\n\u2022 \u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 (FF02::1)\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5404\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5404\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u5df2\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u7ec4\u7684\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684 IPv6 \u5730\u5740 IPv6 \u8def\u7531\u5668\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5355\u64ad\u548c\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff1a \u2022 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5404\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002
\n\u2022 \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51-\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u3002
\n\u2022 \u73af\u56de\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740 (::1)\u3002
\n\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8fd8\u4fa6\u542c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\uff1a \u2022 \u63a5\u53e3\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 (FF01::1)\u3002
\n\u2022 \u63a5\u53e3\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 (FF01::2)\u3002
\n\u2022 \u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 (FF02::1)\u3002
\n\u2022 \u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 (FF02::2)\u3002
\n\u2022 \u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 (FF05::2)\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5404\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5404\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u5df2\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u7ec4\u7684\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n \u8fd4\u56de\u9875\u9996 \u6bd4\u8f83 IPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u7f16\u5740 \u8868 3-5 \u5217\u51fa\u4e86 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u548c\u7f16\u5740\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u548c\u7f16\u5740\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 IPv4 \u5730\u5740 IPv6 \u5730\u5740
\nInternet \u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b \u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e IPv6
\nIPv4 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 (224.0.0.0\/4) IPv6 \u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 (FF00::\/8)
\n\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad\u3001\u5b50\u7f51\u5e7f\u64ad\u3001\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u3001\u6709\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad \u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e IPv6
\n\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u662f 0.0.0.0 \u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u662f ::
\n\u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740\u662f 127.0.0.1 \u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740\u662f ::1
\n\u516c\u7528 IPv4 \u5730\u5740 \u5168\u5c40\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740
\n\u4e13\u7528 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\uff0810.0.0.0\/8\u3001172.16.0.0\/12 \u548c 192.168.0.0\/16\uff09 \u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740 (FEC0::\/10)
\nAPIPA \u5730\u5740 (169.254.0.0\/16) \u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740 (FE80::\/64)
\n\u5730\u5740\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f \u5730\u5740\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u524d\u5bfc\u96f6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u96f6\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u3002
\n\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u6216\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\uff08\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff09\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f
\n\u8868 3-5 \u6bd4\u8f83 IPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u7f16\u5740 \u8fd4\u56de\u9875\u9996 \u672c\u7ae0\u5c0f\u7ed3 \u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a \u2022 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u4ee5\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u3002IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u7684\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u52a0\u4e0a\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6765\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a \u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff09\u6765\u6307\u793a\u3002
\n\u2022 IPv4 \u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5bf9\u4e8e IPv4\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u7528\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7531 ICANN \u6216\u67d0\u4e2a ISP \u5206\u914d\uff09\u6216\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\uff0810.0.0.0\/8\u3001172.16.0.0\/12 \u6216 192.168.0.0\/16\uff09\u3002Windows \u7684 TCP\/IP \u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528 APIPA \u5730\u5740\u81ea\u52a8\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e 169.254.0.0\/16 \u5730 \u5740\u524d\u7f00\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002
\n\u2022 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u4ee5\u5192\u53f7\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u5bfc\u96f6\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5192\u53f7\u6765\u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u7eaf\u96f6\u5757\u3002IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u52a0 \u4e0a\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u3002
\n\u2022 IPv6 \u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3001\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u548c\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\n\u2022 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u64ad IPv6 \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7531 IANA \u6216\u67d0\u4e2a ISP \u5206\u914d\uff09\u3001\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740 (FEC0::\/10) \u6216\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740 (FE80::\/64)\u3002\u94fe\u8def\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u8981\u6c42\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df ID \u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u7ad9\u70b9\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u8981\u6c42\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df ID \u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7ad9 \u70b9\u3002
\n\u2022 \u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cIPv6 \u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u662f\u4ece IEEE 802 \u5730\u5740\u6216 IEEE EUI-64 \u5730\u5740\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u3002
\n\u2022 \u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u3002
\n \u8fd4\u56de\u9875\u9996 \u672c\u7ae0\u672f\u8bed\u8868 \u5730\u5740 \u2013 Internet \u5c42\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u4e00\u7ec4\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6 IP \u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u3002 \u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b \u2013 \u5728 Internet \u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u5206\u7ec4\u3002\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4 \u5206\u914d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531 (CIDR) \u5df2\u4f7f\u6709\u7c7b\u522b IPv4 \u7f16\u5740\u663e\u5f97\u843d\u540e\u4e86\u3002 \u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00 \u2013 \u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u9ad8\u5e8f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u503c\u3001\u5c06\u4f4e\u5e8f\u53ef\u53d8\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0 \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u6240\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u548c \u8def\u7531\u3002\u5728 IPv4 \u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u6216\u8005\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\uff08\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff09\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u5728IPv6 \u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u3002 \u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740 \u2013 \u4ece\u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ef\u6807\u8bc6\u591a\u79cd\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8def\u7531\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u5b9a\u5740\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684 \u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u88ab\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u63a5\u53e3\u3002 APIPA \u2013 \u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u81ea\u52a8\u4e13\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740 (APIPA)\u3002 \u81ea\u52a8\u4e13\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740 (APIPA) \u2013 Windows Server 2003 \u548c Windows XP \u4e2d\u7684 TCP\/IP \u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c TCP\/IP \u7ec4\u4ef6\u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684 DHCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0cAPIPA \u4fbf\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u8303\u56f4 169.254.0.0\/16 \u4e2d\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3002 CIDR \u2013 \u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531 (CIDR)\u3002 A \u7c7b IPv4 \u5730\u5740 \u2013 1.0.0.1 \u81f3 127.255.255.254 \u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u64ad IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc ID\uff0c\u540e\u4e09\u4e2a\u516b \u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a ID\u3002\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531 (CIDR) \u4f7f\u6709\u7c7b\u522b IPv4 \u7f16\u5740\u663e\u5f97\u843d\u540e\u4e86\u3002 B \u7c7b IPv4 \u5730\u5740 \u2013 128.0.0.1 \u81f3 191.255.255.254 \u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u64ad IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc ID\uff0c\u540e\u4e24 \u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a ID\u3002\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531 (CIDR) \u4f7f\u6709\u7c7b\u522b IPv4 \u7f16\u5740\u663e\u5f97\u843d\u540e\u4e86\u3002 C \u7c7b IPv4 \u5730\u5740 \u2013 192.0.0.1 \u81f3 223,255,255,254 \u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u64ad IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u3002\u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc ID\uff0c\u6700\u540e \u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a ID\u3002\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531 (CIDR) \u4f7f\u6709\u7c7b\u522b IPv4 \u7f16\u5740\u663e\u5f97\u843d\u540e\u4e86\u3002 \u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531 (CIDR) \u2013 \u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684 Internet \u4e0a\u805a\u5408\u8def\u7531\u548c\u5206\u914d IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u3002CIDR \u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u7f00\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f \u8868\u793a\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5 CIDR \u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u522b\u8868\u793a\u7684\u3002 \u5192\u53f7\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f \u2013 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002128 \u4f4d IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u516b\u4e2a 16 \u4f4d\u7684\u5757\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u5757\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u8868\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u534a \u89d2\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u524d\u5bfc\u96f6\u88ab\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u30023FFE:FFFF:2A1D:48C:2AA:3CFF:FE21:81F9 \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91c7\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 IPv6 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f \u2013 \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684 IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u300232 \u4f4d IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u56db\u4e2a 8 \u4f4d\u7684\u5757\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u5757\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u8868\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u534a\u89d2\u53e5 \u53f7\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002131.107.199.45 \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91c7\u7528\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 IPv4 \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u53cc\u5192\u53f7 \u2013 \u6307\u5c06 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u96f6\u5757\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u201c::\u201d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740 FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 \u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e3a FF02::2\u3002 EUI \u2013 \u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u201c\u6269\u5c55\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u201d\u3002 EUI-64 \u5730\u5740 \u2013 \u7528\u4f5c IPv6 \u63a5\u53e3\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a 64 \u4f4d\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5730\u5740\u3002 \u6269\u5c55\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26 \u2013 \u7535\u6c14\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a (IEEE) 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winmail.dat<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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